Vessel Scheduling and Bunker Management With Speed Deviations for Liner Shipping in the Presence of Collaborative Agreements
Vessels face uncertain factors during a voyage, such as bad weather and harsh sea conditions along a route in container liner shipping.As such, the real vessel speed during each leg of a voyage often deviates from the planned one, which may lead to fluctuations in vessel schedule and bunker consumption.This paper investigates the problem of vessel